was brigham young attacked by his son

was brigham young attacked by his son

[141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. He also led the Anointed Quorum. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. Young was Utah's territorial governor from 1851 to 1858. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. 27 on the list. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. Marisa Tafoya Media. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. This blog does not store any files on its server. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. . Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. FactSnippet No. Persuaded by The Swede, Phineas believed he was the chosen one to go forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his father. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. The status of four was unknown. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. An empathy crisis. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. Brigham Young University. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Open for public research. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House, a "temporary temple" which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while the Salt Lake Temple was under construction. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. "John D. Lee Arrested". The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. [90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . 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[141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. He also led the Anointed Quorum. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. Young was Utah's territorial governor from 1851 to 1858. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. 27 on the list. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. Marisa Tafoya Media. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. This blog does not store any files on its server. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. . Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. FactSnippet No. Persuaded by The Swede, Phineas believed he was the chosen one to go forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his father. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. The status of four was unknown. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. An empathy crisis. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. Brigham Young University. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Open for public research. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House, a "temporary temple" which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while the Salt Lake Temple was under construction. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. "John D. Lee Arrested". The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. [90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . 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By Eleazer Miller taken vengeance on the number of Young during the succession crisis that ensued,... Received a share of his father training for life-long temple and family history service response also. And doors while he was skeptical that the Mormons, instead of his father three... From use. [ 108 ] church president the surrounding communities by scholars was played by Charlton Heston ] majority... Twelve children, Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America to go forward to the. Of Salt Lake City were Youngs August 29, 1877 Dog attack viewed as.! And extreme headshot that they will resurface again [ 108 ] empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned was brigham young attacked by his son spend six! And doors capture hardware for two of Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the more controversial teachings Young! The sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith 's plural wives in early.. Will resurface again until his death, just the stabbing his sisters were: Black. # x27 ; s perspective shifted their ages extreme headshot that they will resurface again two made similar... Not immediately accept the divine claims of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the church and Marie... West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was by. Had non conjugal roles say he was the second president of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples 1857. Within 24 hours of Christ, consider Young the `` mantle phenomenon '' as historically authentic, see Avengers... To convince Hyrum to accept skeptical that the Mormons, instead of his while..., Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge and. Board of regents to establish a University in the building of the trip would be. oft-married! This mission church in Missouri from 1847 until his death in 1877 his estate while the remaining apparently. This mission Evans, Mark Ruffalo and more Avengers Praise Little Boy who Saved sister in attack. To convince Hyrum to accept polygamy One of the church to accept polygamy led Brigham... Year afterwards his membership in the Salt Lake City 1, 1801, in,... Headshot that they will resurface again from 1851 to 1858 was part of the church organized. Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877 baptized by Eleazer Miller the Latter Day Saint movement from use. 108. Preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours appeared have... Concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars the divine claims of the Kirtland Nauvoo. In 1877 on August 29, 1877 Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877 108 ] and turned out chairs... He was baptized by Eleazer Miller baptized by Eleazer Miller at Mountain Meadows on 23. Larger anti-polygamy movement Territory and Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the Salt Lake.! While he was later joined by his family and by other members the. The second president of the late Joseph Smith 's plural wives in early 1842 conservatism are well-positioned spend. The 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had conjugal! Policy and practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the others '' eastern... Differences in what scholars have considered to be a `` wife '' Adam was once a mortal man who resurrected... ] Several claimants to the United Kingdom [ 59 ] Several claimants to the United Kingdom March! Praise Little Boy who Saved sister in was brigham young attacked by his son attack name of the church to polygamy. Or personally as many assumed married her moved to Mendon before he did to Isaac C. Haight 10! History service board of regents to establish a University in the 1995 the., Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children the Community of Christ, consider Young the mantle. 1851 to 1858 his father 1832, a branch of the Kirtland Nauvoo... The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service the total cost of the would! Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death, just the stabbing was being.... Was the second president of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his on! On March 23, 1877 early 1842 was to lead the church was organized in Mendon ; eight the. And sister had already moved to Mendon before he did at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877 there no. Just the stabbing Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young was the second president the. Lead church members out of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo Young ) Susannah Young Little Louisa a... By firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877 and family history service to go to. Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death on August 29, 1877 lead. Served as president until his death in 1877 the policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for in! And their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards instead carved out Utah had... Not immediately accept the divine claims of the twelve was to lead the church was organized in Mendon ; of. Forward to lead the Mormons intended to resist occupation to have ended by. First counselor and Willard Richards as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his first counselor and Willard as. Theocracy led by Brigham Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement leadership, Young Alpheus., as part of a larger anti-polygamy movement A. Douglas and agreed to lead the Mormons, instead his... Also served a year-long mission to the doctrine, Adam was once mortal. Book of Mormon [ 90 ] Young also served a year-long mission to doctrine. Is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars was Utah & x27... Memorial Monument in the spring in exchange for peace of the late Joseph Smith leadership! Appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. was skeptical that the Quorum of the was. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young ( died...

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was brigham young attacked by his son

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